General Properties of Salts


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

General Properties of Salts

General Properties of Salts:

Salts are the white crystalline powder formed due to neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Salts show following general properties:

1. Melting and boiling points:

Salts are mostly solid which melt as well as boil at high temperature.

2. Water of crystallization:

Salts are found as crystals with water molecules present in them. This water is called water of crystallization and such salts are called hydrated salts. E.g.: copper sulphate CuSO_4.5H_2O.  On heating, hydrated salts lose their water of crystallization, crystals lose their shape, color and change to a powdery substance. The hydrated salt that have lost their water of crystallization are called anhydrous salts.

3. Hydrated and Anhydrous Salts: 

The crystals of some salts have a fixed number of water molecules (called water of crystallization) loosely associated with them such salts are called hydrated salts. These hydrated salts on heating lose their water of crystallisation and change to powdery substance called anhydrous salt.

4. Reaction with an Acid:

When a salt reacts with an acid, another salt and acid are formed. For example, when sodium chloride is heated with sulphuric acid, sodium hydrogen sulphate (at low temperature) and then sodium sulphate (at high temperature) are produced and hydrogen chloride gas is evolved. NaCl+ H_2SO_4rightarrow NaHSO_4+ HCl ;;; (At ;low ;temperature) 2NaCl+ H_2SO_4rightarrow Na_2SO_4+ 2HCl ;;; (At ;high ;temperature)

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Which of the following are correct :

(a) The hydrated salts on heating lose their water of crystallisation and change to powdery substance called anhydrous salt.

(b) The molecular formula of copper sulphate is CuSO_4.5H_2O which is a hydrated salt.

(c) Salts are mostly solid which melt as well as boil at high temperature.

Right Option : D
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Question : 2

Which of the following are correct :

(a) Salts are mostly solid which melt as well as boil at high temperature.

(b) Sodium chloride, potassium sulphate, lead chloride, copper carbonate etc are insoluble in water.

(c) The crystals of some salts have a fixed number of water molecules called water of crystallization.

Right Option : C
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Question : 3

When a salt reacts with an acid__________________ are formed

Right Option : A
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